Analysis of drug panels in urine samples can be challenging, and the trend towards larger panels including multiple drug classes compounds the issues faced during method development. This white paper examines a number of aspects of sample preparation, and their impact on the success of subsequent LC-MS/MS analysis of broad urine panels. Section 1 examines the applicability of various sample preparation techniques: supported liquid extraction, reverse phase SPE and mixed-mode SPE, to the various classes of drugs extracted. In addition, hydrolysis approaches: enzyme type and protocol used (time, temperature), are compared. Mixed-mode reverse phase/cation exchange SPE is widely used for extraction of basic drug classes from urine, but the inclusion of drugs and metabolites that exhibit ‘non-typical’ functionality within urine panels can be problematic. Section 2 examines the impact of various parameters (interference wash strength, elution solvent composition) on analyte retention, elution and extract cleanliness with particular focus on zwitterionic (gabapentin, pregabalin) and non-ionic (carisoprodol, meprobamate) drugs.

11-nor- Δ9-carboxy tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) 6-acetylmorphine (MAM) 7-Aminoclonazepam 96-well plate Alprazolam Amitriptyline Amphetamine Amphetamines Anaesthetic Anticonvulsant Application Notes Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Benzoylecgonine Buprenorphine Butalbital Cannabinoid Carbamate hypnotic Carbamate muscle relaxant Carbamates Carisoprodol Chlordiazepoxide Clinical Clonazepam Cocaine Cocaines Codeine Diazepam Dihydrocodeine (DHC) EDDP English Fentanyl Forensic Gabapentin Hallucinogen Hydrocodone Hydrolysed urine Hydromorphone Ketamine LC-MS/MS Lorazepam MDMA Meperidine Meprobamate Methadone Methamphetamine Morphine N-des-tapentadol Naloxone Norbuprenorphine Nordiazepam Norfentanyl Norhydrocodone Norketamine Normeperidine Noroxymorphone Norpropoxyphene Nortryptiline O-desmethyltramadol Opiates Opioid Opioid agonist Oxazepam Oxycodone Oxymorphone Pentobarbital Phencyclidine Phencyclidine (PCP) Phenobarbital Pregabalin Product Notes Ritalinic acid Secobarbital Stimulants Sympathomimetic amine THC metabolites THC-COOH Tapentadol Temazepam Tramadol Tricyclic Antidepressant Zolpidem Zolpidem-phenyl-4-COOH z-drugs α-OH alprazolam

This poster demonstrates that a large urine panel, comprised of 43 DOAs, from multiple drug classes, can be simultaneously screened by mixed-mode cation exchange SPE (using EVOLUTE EXPRESS CX 96 well plates) despite their disparate intermolecular traits, by thoughtfully selecting appropriate organic wash and elution conditions that simultaneously enable sample isolation and detection along with minimizing sample matrix effects. The extraction method is automated using the Biotage® Extrahera™ Automated sample Preparation Platform. MSACL 2017, Palm Springs

96-well plate Benzodiazepines Carbamates Carisoprodol Clinical Drugs of Abuse English Extrahera Forensic Gabapentin Hydrolysed urine LC-MS/MS Meprobamate Opiates Pain Management Posters Pregabalin Stimulants Urine

Most drugs are excreted in urine as glucuronide conjugates. Hydrolysis using a beta-glucuronidase enzyme to convert the metabolites to their “free” form for analysis increases sensitivity. Red abalone (Kura Biotech), abalone (Campbell Scientific), and recombinant (IMCSzyme) beta-glucuronidase enzymes were evaluated to determine which provided the most complete hydrolysis of glucuronide metabolites without effecting the overall recovery of non-conjugated compounds. EVOLUTE EXPRESS CX 96-well plates were used to extract hydrolysed urine samples, and the impact of th enzymes was compared. MSACL 2017, Palm Springs

6-acetylmorphine (MAM) 7-Aminoclonazepam 96-well plate Alprazolam Amitriptyline Amphetamine Amphetamines Analgesics Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Benzoylecgonine Butalbarbital Carbamates Carisoprodol Chlordiazepoxide Clinical Clonazepam Cocaine Codeine Diazepam Dihydrocodeine (DHC) Drugs of Abuse EDDP English Fentanyl Forensic Gabapentin Hydrocodone Hydrolysed urine Hydromorphone Ketamine LC-MS/MS Lorazepam MDMA Meperidine Meprobamate Methadone Methamphetamine Morphine N-des-tapentadol Naloxone Norbuprenorphine Nordiazepam Norfentanyl Norhydrocodone Norketamine Normeperidine Nortryptiline Opiates Over the counter pharmaceuticals Oxazepam Oxycodone Oxymorphone Pain Management Pharmaceuticals Phencyclidine (PCP) Phenobarbital Posters Pregabalin Ritalinic acid Secobarbital Stimulants THC metabolites THC-COOH Tapentadol Zolpidem Zolpidem-phenyl-4-COOH z-drugs α-OH alprazolam